!! = Attention
# = Nombre ou fracture
~ = Environ ou un peu
≥ = Au moins
A __________________
ABG = Antibiogramme
ABP = Antibioprophylaxie
Abruptio Placentae ( placental abruption ) = hématome rétroplacentaire : responsable d'une hémorragie parfois massive développée entre le placenta et l'utérus (https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/252810-overview#a3 ) .
ABT = Antibiothérapie
AC/FA = Arythmie complète par fibrillation auriculaire
ACE = Antigène carcino-embryonnaire
ACF = Activité cardiaque fœtale
ACR = American College of Rheumatology
AD = Autosomique dominante ou antidépresseur
Adenomyosis = is a condition in which the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium) breaks through the muscle wall of the uterus (the myometrium). Adenomyosis can cause menstrual cramps, lower abdominal pressure, and bloating before menstrual periods and can result in heavy periods.
Admit = សំរាកពេទ្យ
ADO = Anti-diabétiques oraux
ADP = Adénopathie
AEG = Altération de l'état général
AG = Anesthésie générale ou Acides gras
AHAI = Anémie hémolytique auto-immune
AI = Auto-immune
AIT = Accident ischémique transitoire
Alb = Albumine
ALD = A la demande ou affection longue durée
ALR = Anesthésie loco-régionale
AM = Acidose métabolique ou Assurance maladie
Ambulatoire = désigne un traitement qui nécessite une hospitalisation de courte durée, de l'ordre d'une dizaine d'heures. [ = ] Outpatient =A patient who is admitted to a hospital or clinic for treatment that does not require an overnight stay.
AMM = autorisation de mise sur le marché
Amniocentesis ( amniotic fluid test or AFT ) = is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, and also for sex determination, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and then the fetal DNA is examined for genetic abnormalities. Amniocentesis is performed when a woman is between 14 and 16 weeks gestation.
Antiphospholipid antibodies = are antibodies directed against phosphorus-fat components of your cell membranes called phospholipids, certain blood proteins that bind with phospholipids, and the complexes formed when proteins and phospholipids bind. The most commonly discussed antiphospholipid antibodies are the lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anticardiolipin antibody (aCL). +++ Lupus anticoagulant (also known as lupus antibody, LA, LAC, or lupus inhibitors) is an immunoglobulin that binds to phospholipids and proteins associated with the cell membrane and cause an increase in inappropriate blood clotting.
AOMI = Artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs
APA = Allocation personnalisée pour l'autonomie
Apt test = is most commonly used in cases of vaginal bleeding late during pregnancy (antepartum haemorrhage) to determine if the bleeding is from the mother or the fetus. A positive test would indicate that blood is of fetal origin, and could be due to vasa previa. A negative test indicates that the blood is of maternal origin.
AR = Autosomique récessive
ARA2 = Antagoniste du récepteur de l'angiotensine 2
AROM = Artificial rupture of membranes
ARV = Anti-rétroviral
ASP = Abdomen sans préparation ou avortement spontané précoce
AT = Accident du travail
AT III = Antithrombine III
Atcd = Antécédent
AthéroS = Athérosclérose
ATS = Anti-thyroïdiens de synthèse
AUB = abnormal uterine bleeding
AVC = Accident vasculaire cérébral
B __________________
BAC = Barrière alvéolo-capillaire
Barrier methods = Condom for female
BAV = Baisse de l'acuité visuelle ou Bloc auriculo-ventriculaire
BB = Béta-bloquant
BDA = Bouffée délirante aiguë
BdC = Bruits du coeur
Béance cervico-isthmique ( ou de béance du col ) = lorsque l'orifice interne du col est relâché, qu'il présente une dilatation marquée très tôt dans la grossesse.
BGN = Bacille Gram négatif
BHC = Bilan hépato-cellulaire
Biophysical profile ( BPP ) = determine fetal health during the third trimester which combines an ultrasound evaluation with a non-stress test (NST) ( Fetal heart rate , Fetal breathing , Fetal movement , Fetal tone , Amniotic fluid volume ). One another test is Modified Biophysical Profile ( modified BPP ) consists of the nonstress test (NST) and an amniotic fluid volume assessment. The modified BPP is considered normal if the NST is reactive and the deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid is greater than 2 centimeters. The modified BPP is considered abnormal if either the NST is nonreactive or the deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid is 2 cm or less .
Bishop score = score ដែលសិក្សាពី cervix អំឡុងពេលជិតសំរាល : effacement, dilation, station, consistency, and position of the cervix. Induction to active labor is usually successful with a Bishop score of 9 or greater.
BiT = Bithérapie
BK = Tuberculose (Bacille de Koch)
BMI = Body mass index
BOM = Biopsie ostéo-médullaire
Breakthrough bleeding = tends to be lighter and can occur at any time, but typically resolves within the first three months on the pill. The birth control pill contains active hormone pills ( Breakthrough bleeding ) and inactive hormone pills ( Withdrawal bleeding ) . Withdrawal bleeding and breakthrough bleeding is not the same thing.
BronchoC = bronchoconstriction
BronchoD = bronchodilatation
BSA = Bloc sino-auriculaire
BTA = Balancement thoraco-abdominal
BU = Bandelette urinaire
BUN = normal < 20
BZD = Benzodiazépine
C __________________
c. = Cellule
C° = Complication
CA = Conduction aérienne ou chambre antérieure
Ca2+ = 2,2 - 2,6 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
CAE = Conduit auditif externe
CAF = caisse d'allocations familiales
Carboplatin = is an anticancer drug ("antineoplastic" or "cytotoxic") chemotherapy drug. Carboplatin is classified as an "alkylating agent." Used For: treat ovarian cancer and also used for other types of cancer, including lung, head and neck, endometrial, esophageal, bladder, breast, and cervical; central nervous system or germ cell tumors; osteogenic sarcoma; and as preparation for a stem cell or bone marrow transplant.
CAT = Conduite à tenir
CBC = Carcinome baso-cellulaire
CBC = complete blood count
CBH = Claude Bernard-Horner (myosis / ptosis / énophtalmie)
CCR = Cancer colo-rectal
CD = Cellule dendritique
CDAPH = Commission pour les droits et l'autonomie des personnes handicapées
CDHP = Commission départementale des hospitalisations psychiatriques
CE = Corps étranger
CEC = Circulation extra-corporelle
Cervical eversion = cervical ectropion
CGR = Culot de globules rouges
CHC = Carcinome hépato-cellulaire
CHC = combined hormonal contraceptives
Childbearing = វ័យបន្តពូជ , of or relating to the process of conceiving, being pregnant with, and giving birth to children.
ChimioT = Chimiothérapie
Chorionic villus sampling ( CVS ) = is one of methode for fetal chromosome analysis and its work by procedure which involves removing some chorionic villi cells from the placenta at the point where it attaches to the uterine wall through either a transabdominal or transcervical approach. It’s used for identifying chromosome abnormalities and other inherited disorders.
CI = Contre-indication
CJP = Critère de jugement principal
CJS = Critère de jugement secondaire
Cl- = 95 - 105 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
Cl° = Classification
CMI = Certificat médical initial
CO = Conduction osseuse ou monoxyde de carbone
cOCP = combined oral contraceptive pill
Coitus interruptus = ចាក់ទឹកក្រៅពាង
Colposcopy = is a simple procedure that lets your doctor get a good look at your cervix by microscope .
Consistent = សមស្រប
Contraction stress test = involves provoking uterine contractions
CorticoR = Corticorésistance
CorticoT = Corticothérapie
CPC = Cavités pyélo-calicielles
CPIA = Contre-pulsion intra-aortique
CPRE = Cholangiopancréatographie rétrograde endoscopique
Creatinine = normal < 1
Cs = Consultation
CSC = Carcinome spino-cellulaire
Culdocentesis = is a medical procedure involving the extraction of fluid from the pouch of Douglas (a rectouterine pouch posterior to the vagina) through a needle. It can be one diagnostic technique used in identifying pelvic inflammatory disease (in which case purulent fluid will be extracted) and ruptured ectopic pregnancies that cause hemoperitoneum.
CV = Cardio-vasculaire
D __________________
D&E = Dilation and evacuation
D1 = Diabète de type 1
DAo = Dissection aortique
DDB = Dilatation des bronches
DDR = Date des dernières règles
DEC = Déshydratation extra-cellulaire
DEP = Débit expiratoire de pointe
DES = Diethylstilbestrol
DFG = Débit de filtration glomérulaire
DG = Diabète gestationnel
Diaphoretic = បែកញើស
Diaphragm = Barrier : ស្រោមសំរាប់ស្ត្រី
DIC = Déshydratation intra-cellulaire
Discharge = អនុញ្ញាតឲ្យចាកចេញពីពេទ្យ
DMLA = Dégénération maculaire liée à l'âge
DMPA = depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
Doppler velocimetry = is a way to make sure that your baby is getting a healthy supply of blood. You may need it if earlier tests showed that your baby could be having problems. Maybe your baby is growing slowly or has anemia. You may also need the test if you have preeclampsia ( insuffisance placenta ) or have a low level of amniotic fluid. Doppler velocimetry is different from a standard Doppler that checks your baby's heartbeat.
Doppler velocimetry = is an ultrasound technique used to examine blood flow through the umbilical artery. IUGR has been associated with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry.
DPM = Développement psycho-moteur
DR = Décollement de rétine
DS = Déviation standard
DSP = Développement staturo-pondéral
DT = Douleur thoracique ou Delirium tremens
Dull = ឈឺអួលៗ
Dysharmonieux = មិនសមស្រប , មិនសូវល្អ
Dyspareunia = abnormal pain during sexual intercourse
E __________________
EAL = Exploration d'une anomalie lipidique
EBO = Endobrachyoesophage
EBV = Epstein-Barr virus
ECBU = Examen cytobactériologique des urines
ECG = Electrocardiogramme
EchoD = Echographe doppler
EchoD = TSA Echo-doppler des troncs supra-aortiques
ECT = Electroconvulsivothérapie ou Electrocardiotocographie
EDM = Episode dépressif majeur
EduP = Education du patient
EE = Epreuve d'effort
EEG = Electroencéphalogramme
EEV = Échographie endovaginale.
EFR = Epreuves fonctionnelles respiratoires
EH = Encéphalopathie hépatique
EM = Episode maniaque
EMB = Ethambutol
EME = Etat de mal épileptique
ENMG = Electroneuromyogramme
EOGD = Endoscopie oeso-gastro-duodénale
EP = Embolie pulmonaire
EPHb = Electrophorèse de l'hémoglobine
Episiotomy = ច្រឹបzone périnée ដើម្បីឲ្យកូនកើតស្រួល
EPP = Electrophorèses des protéines plasmatiques
EPS = Examen parasitologique des selles
Equivocal = ពិបាកពន្យល់
ES = Effets secondaires
ESC = European society of cardiology
ETO = Echographie-doppler cardiaque trans-oesophagienne
ETT = Echographie-doppler cardiaque transthoracique
Expectant management = Closely watching a patient’s condition but not giving treatment unless symptoms appear or change, or there are changes in test results.
Exsanguination = severe loss of blood
F __________________
F = Facteur ou Femme
False Négatif ( FN ) = លទ្ធផលអវិជ្ចមាន តែការពិតគាត់មាន
False Positif ( FP ) = is a result that indicates a given condition exists, when it does not. លទ្ធផលវិជ្ចមាន តែការពិតគាត់គ្មានទេ
Fasting glucose = Glycémie à jeune
FCS = Fausse couche spontanée , (appelée également « Avortement spontané » ;) : correspond à l’interruption naturelle d’une grossesse (interruption involontaire, expulsion hors de la mère) avant le terme de 20 semaines de grossesse (ou de 22 semaines d’aménorrhée) ou d’un fœtus pesant moins de 500 g (selon l’OMS). Au delà de ce terme on parle d’un accouchement prématuré.
FCU = Frottis cervico uterin
FdR = Facteurs de risque
FdR CV = Facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaires
Fécondation in vitro (FIV) = est une technique de procréation assistée qui permet de féconder un ovule avec un spermatozoïde en laboratoire.
Fetal chromosome analysis = there are many methode : Amniocentesis , Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling ( PUBS ), or direct biopsy of fetal muscle or skin. Amniocentesis = involves obtaining a sample of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal fibroblasts. Chorionic villus sampling ( CVS ) = involves taking a biopsy of the placenta. In the case of PUBS, the umbilical vein is punctured under direct ultrasound guidance near the placental origin and blood is obtained for genetic analysis.
Fetal growth restriction , Intrauterine Growth Restriction ( IUGR ) = refers to a condition in which an unborn baby is smaller than it should be because it is not growing at a normal rate inside the womb. + IUGR is diagnosed when a fetal weight that is below the 10th percentile for gestational age as determined through an ultrasound. IUGR can be classified as either symmetric( Symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction) or asymmetric( Asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction ). In asymmetric IUGR, the abdominal circumference is low, but the biparietal diameter may be at or near normal. In cases of symmetric IUGR, all fetal structures (including both head and body size) are propor- tionately diminished in size. Fetal infections, chromosome abnormalities, and congenital anomalies usually result in symmetric IUGR. Asymmetric IUGR is seen in cases where fetal access to nutrients is compromised, such as with severe maternal nutritional deficiencies or hypertension.
Fetal Heart Rate Monitor = Normal 120 to 160 beats per minute
Fetal scalp sampling ( FSS ) = is a method of fetal assessment that is used during labor and delivery to obtain fetal blood for pH assessment to determine if the baby is getting enough oxygen. Normal > 7.25 .
FGE = Frottis goutte épaisse
FID = Fosse iliaque droite
FIG = Fosse iliaque gauche
FIGO = International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
FIV ( Fécondation in vitro ) = est une technique de procréation assistée qui permet de féconder un ovule avec un spermatozoïde en laboratoire.
FL = Fosses lombaires
Flat plate = a radiograph especially of the abdomen taken with the subject( patient ) lying flat.
FMC = Fréquence maximale théorique
FO = Fond d'oeil
FOGD = Fibroscopie oeso-gastro-duodénale
FQ = Fluoroquinolones
FV = Facteur V
G __________________
GBS = Group B streptococcus
GCS = Glasgow consciousness score
GDS = Gaz du sang
GEU = Grossesse extra-utérine
GFA = Glaucome aigu par fermeture de l'angle
Gg = Ganglion
GGT = Gamma GT
GINA = Global initiative for asthma
GnRH = gonadotropin releasing hormone
GNRP = Glomérulonéphrite rapidement progressive
GR = Globule rouge
Grossesse extra-utérine ou grossesse ectopique = est une grossesse se développant hors de l'utérus. La très grande majorité des grossesses extra-utérines sont des grossesses dans la trompe de Fallope ou grossesses tubaires.
Grossesse hétérotopique ou Grossesse ditopique = est l'association d'une grossesse intrautérine et d'une grossesse extra-utérine. Exceptionnelle, elle est devenue plus fréquente depuis l'essor de la procréation médicalement assistée et notamment des inducteurs de l'ovulation.
Grossesse jeune de localisation indéterminée ( GJLI ) = est un terme descriptif qui désigne les patientes avec un test de grossesse positif sans évidence d’image échographique en faveur d’une grossesse intra ou extra-utérine. Ce terme ne peut être retenu qu’après réalisation de l’échographie endovaginale (EEV).
Grossesse multiple , Multiple gestation : c’est le développement simultané de plusieurs foetus dans l'utérus. La grossesse peut être gémellaire (2 foetus), triple, quadruple, etc... Il existe deux sortes de grossesse multiple : monozygote (un seul oeuf) ou dizygote (deux oeufs).
Grossesses ultérieures = ពពោះពេលក្រោយៗមកទៀត
Guarding = défense , est une sensation de résistance de la paroi abdominale qui peut être vaincue et n'existe qu'à la palpation.
H __________________
H = Homme
HAD = Hospitalisation à domicile
HBP = Hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate
HBPM = Héparine de bas poids moléculaire
HCO3- = 22 - 28 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
HD = Hémorragie digestive ou hémorragie de la délivrance
HDT = Hospitalisation à la demande d'un tiers
HELLP syndrome = + is a life-threatening pregnancy complication usually considered to be a variant of preeclampsia. + Both conditions usually occur during the later stages of pregnancy, or sometimes after childbirth.+ characteristics: H (hemolysis, which is the breaking down of red blood cells),
EL (elevated liver enzymes),
LP (low platelet count).
HemoCue = is a convenient method for measuring whole blood hemoglobin and used as a diagnostic tool for anemia.
HGPO = Hyperglycémie provoquée orale
HIA = Hémorragie intra-alvéolaire
Hirsutism = ស្ត្រីដែលមានដុះរោមដូចបុរស , a is a condition of unwanted, male-pattern hair growth in women. Hirsutism results in excessive amounts of dark, course hair on body areas where men typically grow hair on face, chest and back. At puberty, a girl's ovaries begin to produce a mix of female and male sex hormones, causing hair to grow in the armpits and pubic area. Hirsutism can occur if the mix becomes unbalanced with too high a proportion of male sex hormones (androgens). + Hirsutism can be caused by: Polycystic ovary syndrome , Cushing's syndrome..
HMG = Hépatomégalie
HNF = Héparine non fractionnée
HNPCC = Hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer
HO = Hospitalisation d'office
Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) = Menopause is the time in a woman's life when her period stops. It is a normal part of aging. In the years before and during menopause, the levels of female hormones can go up and down. This can cause symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Some women take hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also called menopausal hormone therapy, to relieve these symptoms. HRT may also protect against osteoporosis. ន័យសាមញ្ញគឺ ប្រើអរម៉ូនខាងក្រៅទៅជំនួសអរម៉ូនដែលផលិតនៅក្នុងខ្លួន ។
Hot flashes = ( hot flush ) ភាពមានអារម្មណ៏ថាក្តៅ ជាពិសេសនៅពេលស្ត្រីអស់រដូវ
HPN = Hémoglobinurie paroxystique nocturne
HPNCC = hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
HPT I = Hyperparathyroïdie primitive
HRB = Hyper-réactivité bronchique
HRP = Hématome rétro-placentaire
HSG = hysterosalpingogram
HSMG = Hépatosplénomégalie
Ht = Hématocrite
HT_HP = Hypothalamo-hypophysaire
HTA = Hypertension artérielle
HTIC = Hypertension intra-crânienne
HTO = Hypertension oculaire
HTP = Hypertension portale
HTS = Hormonothérapie substitutive
HU = Hauteur utérine
HUAM , home uterine activity monitoring = With this technique, women are monitored at home with a tocodynamometer (a way to measure uterine contractions). The theory is that this home monitoring will allow for preterm labor to be recognized and treated in its earliest stages, which may help to prevent preterm births. In practice, however, this has not been proven to be the case. Numerous studies have been performed, and HUAM has not been proven to prevent preterm birth. A possible benefit of HUAM may be the early recognition of preterm labor, which would allow for the administration of corticosteroids to bring about fetal pulmonary maturity, even if a preterm delivery could not be prevented. At present, therefore, HUAM has not been proven to prevent preterm birth, and its use is not recommended.
HVG = Hypertrophie du ventricule gauche
Hydramnios ( polyhydramnios ) = is a condition that occurs when too much amniotic fluid builds up during pregnancy. It is also called amniotic fluid disorder, or polyhydramnios. It is the opposite of Oligohydramnios. Oligohydramnios is a condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid.
HyperCa = Hypercalcémie , normal Ca = 2,2 - 2,6 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
HyperG = Hyperglycémie
HyperK = Hyperkaliémie , normal K = 3.5-5.0 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
HyperNa = Hypernatrémie , normal Na = 135 - 145 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
HyperS = Hypersignal (IRM)
HypoCa = Hypocalcémie , normal Ca = 2,2 - 2,6 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
HypoK = Hypokaliémie , normal K = 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
HypoNa = Hyponatrémie , normal Na = 135 - 145 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
HypoS = Hyposignal (IRM)
HypoT orthoS = Hypotension orthostatique
HypoTA = Hypotension artérielle
I __________________
I = Primaire ou primitif
IAM = Ischémie aiguë de membre
IAo = Insuffisance aortique
IC(C) = Insuffisance cardiaque( congestive)
ICoro = Insuffisance coronarienne
ID = Immunodépression
IDM = Infarctus du myocarde
IEC = Inhibiteur de l'enzyme de conversion
IEPP = Immuno-électrophorèse des protéines plasmatiques
IEPU = Immuno-électrophorèse des protéines urinaires
IFD = Immuno-fiuorescence directe
Ig = Immunoglobuline
IHC = Insuffisance hépato-cellulaire ou Immuno-histochimie
II = secondaire ou secondairement
IIA = Invagination intestinale aiguë
ILA = Infection du liquide d'ascite ou index de liquide amniotique
IM = Insuffisance mitrale
IMC = Indice de masse corporelle
IMF = Infection materno-fœtal
IMV = Intoxication médicamenteuse volontaire
IN = Infection noscomiale
Induced = ប្រើថ្នាំអោយឆាប់សំរាលកូន
Inj. = Injection
Insémination = ការធ្វើឲ្យមានកូនដោយមិនបាច់មានបារ
Insuff. = Insuffisance
INZ = Isoniazide
IRA = Insuffisance rénale aiguë
IRC = Insuffisance rénale chronique
IRespA = Insuffisance respiratoire aiguë
IRespC = Insuffisance respiratoire chronique
IRM = Imagerie par résonance magnétique
ISA = Insuffisance surrénale aiguë
ISC (L) = Insuffisance surrénale chronique (lente)
IST = Infection sexuellement transmissible
IU = Infection urinaire ou incontinence urinaire
IUA = Infection utéro-annexielle
IUD ( anglais: intrauterine device) , DIU ( français: dispositif intra-utérin ) = កងដាក់ក្នុងស្បួន , un des types de contraceptive , il s'agit d'un petit objet en forme de Y, inséré dans l'utérus par le vagin pour prévenir la fécondation et secondairement la nidation.
IUS = intrauterine system
IV = intravenous
IVG = Interruption volontaire de grossesse
IVSE = Intra-veineuse à la seringue électrique
J __________________
JPC = Jonction pavimento-cylindrique
JPDC = jusqu'à preuve du contraire
Jusqu’à négativation = រហូតដល់វាត្រលប់ទៅជា négatif
K __________________
K+ = 3,5 - 5,0 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
KT = Cathéter
L __________________
LA = Leucémie aiguë
LAF = Lampe à fente
LAL = Leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique
LAM = Leucémie aiguë myéloblastique
Laxatives : anti-constipation
LCC = Longueur crânio-caudale
LED = Lupus érythémateux disséminé. Anglais : SLE = Systemic lupus erythematosus , LE(A)D = Lupus érythémateux (aigu) disséminé
LEEP ( Loop electrosurgical excision procedure ) : one way to remove abnormal cells from the cervix by using a thin wire loop that acts like a scalpel (surgical knife). An electric current is passed through the loop, which cuts away a thin layer of the cervix.
LLC = Leucémie lymphoïde chronique
LMC = Leucémie myéloïde chronique
LMP = Last menstrual period
LNG = levonorgestrel
LNG-IUS = levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
LNH = Lymphome non hodgkinien
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure ( LEEP ) : one way to remove abnormal cells from the cervix by using a thin wire loop that acts like a scalpel (surgical knife). An electric current is passed through the loop, which cuts away a thin layer of the cervix.
LSCS = Lower (uterine) segment Caesarean section
Lumbar strain = A stretching injury to the ligaments, tendons, and/or muscles of the low back.
Lumpy = ដែលជាដុំ
LVAS = Libération des voies aériennes supérieures
M __________________
M = mois ou maladie ou mortalité
MA = Mesures associées
MAF = Mouvements actifs foetaux
Magnesium sulfate = two principale role in obstetique: 1,Indicated to prevent seizures associated with pre-eclampsia, and for control of seizures with eclampsia. 2,it is also a tocolytic agent. Its antidose is Calcium gluconate.
MAP = Menace d’accouchement prématuré ( 24SA - 37SA )
MAT = Microangiopathie thrombotique
MAV = Mesure de l'acuité visuelle
MDO = Maladie à déclaration obligatoire
MDPH = Maison départementale des personnes handicapée
Menarche = is the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans
MenC = Mise en condition
Methylergonovine = this medication is used after childbirth to help stop bleeding from the uterus. These effects help to decrease bleeding post-partum.
MFIU = Mort fœtale in utero
MGC = Maladie des griffes du chat
MHD = Mesures hygiéno-diététiques
MI = Membre inférieur
MICI = Maladie in ammatoire chronique de l'intestin
Micronized oral progesterone , Progesterone Micronized = Progesterone is a type of female hormone (progestin). This medication is similar to the progesterone that your body naturally makes and is given to replace the hormone when your body is not making enough of it. In women who are not pregnant and not going through menopause, this medication is used to restore normal menstrual periods that have stopped for several months (amenorrhea).
MMH = Maladie des Membrane Hyalines
MO = Moelle osseuse
Modified BPP , Modified Biophysical Profile (MBPP) = ( different from BPP ) Some testing centers use a modified biophysical profile . The modified BPP consists of the nonstress test (NST) and an amniotic fluid volume assessment. The modified BPP is considered normal if the NST is reactive and the deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid is greater than 2 centimeters. The modified BPP is considered abnormal if either the NST is nonreactive or the deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid is 2 cm or less .
Monogamy = ដៃគូតែមួយ , is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or at any one time.
MonoT = Monothérapie
Morbidity = a diseased state or symptom
MPA = medroxyprogesterone acetate
MPI = Maladie professionnelle indemnisable
MS = Membre supérieur ou Mort subite
MSN = Mort subite du nourrisson
MT = Médecin traitant
MTEV = Maladie thrombo-embolique veineuse
MTX = Méthotrexate , Methotrexate = ( in pregnancy ) treatment of ectopic pregnancy but risk on an abortifacient and a teratogen for normal pregnancy.
MV = Murmure vésiculaire
N __________________
N = Normal ou Nourrisson
Na+ = 135 - 145 mEq/L ( = mmol/L ).
Naegele rule = for determine a date of delivery , to do this, count back 3 months and then add 7 days to the date of the first day of the last normal menstrual period.
NAPD = Non assistance à personne en danger
NAS = Néphroangiosclérose
NAV = Noeud auriculo-ventriculaire
NC = Nerfs crâniens
ND = Néphropathie diabétique
NEM = Néoplasie endocrinienne multiple
NET = norethindrone (or norethisterone)
NFS = Numération formule sanguine
NFS-P = Numération formule sanguine- Plaquettes
NG = Néphropathie glomérulaire
NGC = Noyaux gris centraux
NHA = Niveaux hydro-aériques
NJO = Ne jamais oublier
NN = Nouveau-né
NP = Neuropathie périphérique
NPC = Ne pas confondre
NPO = ( nil per os ) : Nothing by mouth , មិនញ្ញាំអាហារ រឺ មិនប្រើតាមម៉ាត់
NPO = Ne pas oublier
NSAIDs = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSE = Niveau socio-économique
NTA = Nécrose tubulaire aiguë
NTI = Néphropathie tubulo-interstitielle
Nuchal translucency = is a collection of fluid under the skin at the back of your baby's neck. The amount of fluid is measured during a nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound scan. All developing babies have some fluid at the back of their neck. But many babies with Down's syndrome have an increased amount.
Nulligravid = គ្មានកូន
NVA = Néphropathie vasculaire aiguë
O __________________
OACR = Occlusion de l'artère centrale de la rétine
OCP = oral contraceptive pill
OD = Oreillette droite
OG = Oreillette gauche
Oligohydramnios = is a condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid. It is the opposite of polyhydramnios. Hydramnios is a condition that occurs when too much amniotic fluid builds up during pregnancy. It is also called amniotic fluid disorder, or polyhydramnios.
OMA = Otite moyenne aiguë
OMC = Otite moyenne chronique ou Oedème maculaire cystoïde
OMI = Oedème des membres inférieurs
OSM = Otite séro-muqueuse
OVCR = Occlusion de la veine centrale de la rétine
P __________________
P = Plaquettes
P° = Prévention
PA = Pancréatite aiguë ou Péritonite aiguë ou Pression artérielle
PAC = Pneumopathie aiguë communautaire
Paget disease of the breast = (also known as Paget disease of the nipple and mammary Paget disease) is a rare type of cancer involving the skin of the nipple and, usually, the darker circle of skin around it, which is called the areola. Most people with Paget disease of the breast also have one or more tumors inside the same breast. These breast tumors are either ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer.
PAL = Phosphatases alcalines
PAN = Périartérite noueuse
Pass out = បាត់បង់ស្មារតី
Path = Pathologie
PBH = Ponction biopsie hépatique
PBR = Ponction biopsie rénale
PC = Périmètre crânien ou Perte de connaissance
PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome : Malade may have the history of irregular menses, acne, and excess weight, PCOS is the most likely cause of the patient’s hirsutism. Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are the first-line therapy against hirsutism due to androgen excess, as seen in PCOS, as well as for unknown causes. In patients with PCOS, OCPs are also useful in establishing regular menstrual cycles.
PCR = Polymerase chain reaction
PD = Pays développés
PdC = Produit de contraste
Pdt = pendant
PE = Pré-éclampsie
PEAI = Polyendocrinopathie auto-immune
Pelvic congestion syndrome = is long-lasting (chronic) pain in the lowest part of the torso (pelvis) caused by accumulation of blood in veins of the pelvis, which have widened (dilated) and become convoluted ( រមួលជាច្រើនកន្លែង ).
Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID ) = is an infection of the upper genital tract. It most often starts as a vaginal or cervical infection that then extends along the endometrium and eventually involves the fallopian tubes, adnexae, and parametrial tissues. In some cases it may involve the liver and diaphragm by causing perihepatic inflammation and adhesions (FitzHugh- Curtis syndrome). Patients often present with systemic illness, complaining of fever, chills, and myalgias, as well as with lower abdominal pain. To make the diagnosis, the patient should have the triad of abdominal tenderness, cervical motion tenderness, and adnexal tenderness. Along with this triad, the patient should also have a fever (>38 C), leukocytosis (> 11,OOO/mm3), or an adnexal mass. This patient clearly meets these diagnostic criteria. Also, this patient had an IUD placed recently, which is a well-established risk factor for PID.
PenC = Prise en charge
Penicillin desensitization = β-lactam antibiotic ( en cas allergie avec Penicillin )
PF = Paralysie faciale
PFC = plasma frais congelé
PFC = Plasma frais congelé
PFP = Paralysie faciale périphérique
PI = Primo-infection
PID = Pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse , anglais: Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pitocin = Ocytocin
PK = Pseudo-kyste
PLA = Ponction du liquide amniotique
Placenta abnormal deeply attaches = there are 3 types : Placenta Accreta, the placenta invades the deficient decidual layer and attaches to the wall of the uterus. About 75% of accretas are in this form. Placenta Increta, the placenta actually grows deeply into the muscle of the uterus (myometrium). In the most severe form, Placenta Percreta, the placenta grows not only into the muscle of the uterus but through the outer layer (serosa) and often into adjacent structures nearby, usually the mother's bladder or bowels.
Plt = Prélèvement
PM = Pace-maker
PMA : Procréation Médicalement Assisté = consiste en des techinques médicales de manipulation de spermatozoïdes et d'ovules pour aboutir à une fécondation.
PMZ = Pas mis zéro
PNA = Pyélonéphrite aiguë
PNE = Polynucléaires éosinophiles
PNN = Polynucléaires neutrophiles
POD = Postoperative day.
POP = Pillule oestro-progestative
PP = Placenta praevia
PP = Post-Partum
PPR = Pseudo-polyarthrite rhizomélique
PPS = Programme personnalisé de soin
PR = Polyarthrite rhumatoïde ou Purpura rhumatoïde
Prématurité induite = Prématurité provoquée
Prenatal = before birth.
Primary dysmenorrhea = is defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen occurring just before or during menstruation, in the absence of other diseases such as endometriosis.
Primigravida = កូនដំបូង
Primiparité = ស្ត្រីកូនដំបូង
PRL = Prolactine
Procréation , Procréer = បង្កកំណើត
PROM = ( english ) Premature rupture of membranes.
Protéines C et S : sont des inhibiteurs de la coagulation
Prothrombin time = PT
PSDP = Pneumocoque de sensibilité diminuée à la pénicilline
PT = Prothrombin time
PTAI = Purpura thrombopénique auto-immun
PTI = Prothrombin time index
PTI = Purpura thrombopénique idiopathique
PTx = Pneumothorax
Puerperal = នៃស្ត្រីទើបសំរាលកូន
Puerperia = the period between childbirth and the return of the uterus to its normal size.
PV = Prélèvement vaginal
PVC = Ponction des villosités choriales
PVD = Pays en voie de développement
PZA = Pyrazinamide
Q __________________
R __________________
RAA = Rhumatisme articulaire aigu
RadioT = Radiothérapie
RAI , Recherche d’agglutinines irrégulières = vise à mettre en évidence la présence d’anticorps dirigés contre les globules rouges. Ex : Anticorp anti-globule rouge fetal Rhésus(+) chez Mère Rhésus(-).
RAo = Rétrécissement aortique
RAU = Rétention aiguë d'urine
RCF = Rythme cardiaque foetal
RCIU = Retard de croissance intra-utérin
RCP = Réunion de concertation pluri-disciplinaire ou Réanimation cardio-pulmonaire
RCT = Radiochimiothérapie
RD = Rétinopathie diabétique
REA = Réanimation
Reassurance = the action of removing someone's doubts or fears
Rebound = ខ្ទាតមកវិញ ( សង្កត់ )
Regarding = យោងទៅតាម
Relief = ធូរស្រាល
RGO = Reflux gastro-oesophagien
RGTS = Régime général des travailleurs salariés
RhoGAM = Indication to prevent maternal Rh sensitization, pregnant women who are Rh-negative should receive RhoGAM or Rh immune globulin (antibody to the D antigen) in the following situations: after a spontaneous or induced abortion, after an ectopic pregnancy, at the time of an amniocentesis/CVS/PUBS, at 28 weeks gestational age, within 3 days of a delivery of an Rh-positive fetus, at the time of external cephalic version, with second- or third-trimester antenatal bleeding, and in the setting of abdominal trauma.
Risperidone = is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and irritability with autism.
RM = Rétrécissement mitrals
RMO = Référence médicale opposable
RMP = Rifampicine
Round ligament pain = Round ligament is maintenance of the anteversion of the uterus. When the uterus grows during pregnancy, the round ligaments can stretch causing pain. Δg : groin pain because this ligament passes through the inguinal canal.
RPA = Respiration paradoxale abdominale
RPC = Recommandations pour la pratique clinique
RPM = Réflexe photomoteur ou Rupture prématurée des membranes
RTx (F_P) = Radiographie de thorax (face-profil)
RU = Révision utérine
Rule out = ទាត់ចោល
S __________________
S. = Signe
SAOS = Syndrome d'apnée obstructive du sommeil
SAPL = Syndrome des antiphospholipides ---> est une maladie auto-immune, caractérisée par la survenue de manifestations thromboemboliques (formation de caillots de sang dans les vaisseaux, veines ou artères) et/ou la survenue de complications de la grossesse aussi appelées complications obstétricales (il s’agit de fausses couches répétées et/ou de complications plus tardives de la grossesse), et la présence, au moins à deux reprises, à trois mois d’intervalle, d'anticorps appelés anticorps antiphospholipides.
SAT / VAT = Statut anti-tétanique / Vaccination anti-tétanique
SB = Substance blanche
Sd = Syndrome
SdG = Signe de gravité
SDRA = Syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë
Secondary to , Secondaire à = ដែលបណ្តាលមកពី
Seuil de viabilité = កំរិតនៃភាពខុសគ្នា ( ប្រែប្រួលតាម reference នីមួយៗ )
SF = Signes fonctionnels
SG = Substance grise
SGA = Streptocoque β-hémolytique du groupe A
SGB = Streptocoque β-hémolytique du groupe B
SGS = Syndrome de Goujerot-Sjögren
SHU = Syndrome hémolytique et urémique
SIADH = Sécrétion inappropriée d'ADH
Singleton pregnancy = ពោះកូនតែមួយ
SIS = saline infusion sonohysterography
SJSR = Syndrome des jambes sans repos
Small for Gestational Age (SGA) = is a term used to describe a baby who is smaller than the usual amount for the number of weeks of pregnancy. SGA babies usually have birthweights below the 10th percentile for babies of the same gestational age. This means that they are smaller than many other babies of the same gestational age. There are many causes but the most connue is Maternal factors ( High blood pressure ).
SMD = Syndrome myélodysplasique
SMG = Splénomégalie
SMP = Syndrome myéloprolifératif
SMR = Surveillance médicale renforcée
SMUR (pour structure mobile d'urgence et de réanimation), est un service hospitalier qui possède une ou plusieurs unités mobiles hospitalières (UMH) destinées à délivrer des soins intensifs sur les lieux d'un accident ou d'un malaise ou d'un accouchement extra-hospitaliers, ou bien à effectuer des transports entre hôpitaux (transports secondaires) lorsqu'un patient nécessite des soins ou une surveillance médicale intensifs pendant son trajet. Le service SMUR n'est pas à confondre avec le SAMU
SN = Syndrome néphrotique
SNA = Système nerveux autonome ou Syndrome néphritique aigu
SNC = Système nerveux central
Soapsuds enema = uses a mixture of a mild soap and warm water injected into the colon in order to stimulate a bowel movement.
SRAA = Système rénine angiotensine aldostérone
SRO = Solutés de réhydratation orale
SS = Sécurité sociale
ssi = si et seulement si
STDs = sexually transmitted diseases
Stripping Membranes = Membrane stripping, or membrane sweeping, is a method used to promote earlier onset of labor and reduce the risk of post-term pregnancy. + Procedure : your doctor or midwife inserts a gloved finger through the mouth (os) of the cervix during a pelvic exam. He sweeps it in a gentle motion between lower part of the uterus and the bag of waters [ Pouche des eau ] . This easily separates or strips the intact fetal membranes from the wall of the uterus. One stripping procedure can induce labor, or your doctor might repeat it in a week or less depending on your circumstances. យកម្រាមរុញស្រោមទឹកភ្លោះថ្នមៗ ក្នុងគោលបំនងឲ្យស្រោមទឹកភ្លោះដាច់ចេញពីសាច់ស្បួន ។
Subserous pedunculated fibroid = is attached to the uterus by a stalk and grows outward into the abdominal cavity and there is no vaginal bleeding.
Succenturiate ៖ Succenturiate placenta គឺជា Placentaតូចមួយទៀត ដុះចេះplacenta ធំ ,
Syphilis Tests = + Nontreponemal antibody tests--these tests are called "nontreponemal" because they detect antibodies that are not specifically directed against the Treponema pallidum bacterium. These antibodies are produced by the body when an individual has syphilis but may also be produced in several other conditions and tests name : RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin), VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory). + Treponemal antibody tests--these blood tests detect antibodies that specifically target T. pallidum and tests name : FTA-ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption), TP-PA (T. pallidum particle agglutination assay), MHA-TP (Microhemagglutination assay) , Immunoassays (IA).
T __________________
T = Tumeur
T° = Transmission
TA = Transaminases ou Trou anionique
TachyC = Tachcycardie
TAG_TAC = Traitement anti-agrégant ou anti-coagulant
Tamoxifen = +Anti-œstrogène —> sein —> prevention cancer du sein. +Stimulate œstrogène —> bone —> prevention ostéoporose, +Stimulate œstrogène —> endomètre —> cancer endometre.
TBP = Trouble bipolaire
TCG = Traumatisé crânien grave
TdC = Troubles de conduction
TdF = Trait de fracture
TDM = Tomodensitométrie
TDM TAP = TDM thoraco-abdomino-pelvienne
TDP = Torsade de pointe
TDR = Test de diagnostic rapide (angine)
TdR = Troubles du rythme
TEA = Toux équivalent d'asthme
Terbutaline = is used in obstetrics as a tocolytic agent to treat preterm labor.
THS = Traitement hormonal subsitutif
TNCG = Traumatisé crânien non grave
TNT = Trinitrine
TO = Tension oculaire
Tocolyse , Tocolytic = also called anti-contraction medications which these contractions can risk premature labor ( can use only avant 34SA et absence de pathologie maternelle ou foetale) , we use it to buy time for apply corticothérapie. There are : Indomethacin ( Indocin ) is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor that can decrease fetal urine production and cause oligohydramnios. Nifedipine is used for tocolysis and is thought to work by preventing entry of calcium into muscle cells. It can be associated with hypotension, so blood pressure must be followed carefully. Ritodrine and Terbutaline are tocolytic agents that are β-adrenergic agents. They work by increasing cAMP in cells, which decreases free calcium. These agents can be associated with tachycardia, hypotension, and pulmonary edema. Magnesium sulfate is a tocolytic agent that works by competing with calcium for entry into cells. At high levels, it can cause respiratory and cardiac depression.
TOGD = Transit oeso-gastro-duodénal
TR = Toucher rectal
Trastuzumab = is a monoclonal antibody used to treat metastatic (spread) breast cancer. It is effective against tumors that overexpress the HER2/neu protein.
TRC = Temps de recoloration cutanée
Trial of labor = [ How to call Vaginal delivery for women who have antecedent cesarean delivery ].
TS = Tentative de suicide ou temps de saignement
Tt = Traitement
Tubal abortion = is characterized by the extrusion of an ectopic product of conception implanted in the fallopian tube through the abdominal ostium into the peritoneal cavity. It can be either complete or incomplete and may lead to severe bleeding.
TV = Toucher vaginal
TVC = Thrombose veineuse cérébrale
TVO = Trouble ventilatoire obstructif
TVP = Thrombose veineuse profonde
TVR = Trouble ventilatoire restrictif
U __________________
UGD = Ulcère gastro-duodénal
Undergo = ទទួលយក
Urinary incontinence
= There are 5 different types of urinary incontinence: 1. Stress incontinence, which occurs when urine leaks from the bladder when you cough, laugh, sneeze or do any other activity that places stress on the abdomen. Cause due to increase abdominal pressure under stress ( weak pelvic floor muscles ). 2. Urge incontinence – the leakage of urine associated with a great urgency or desire to urinate, which cannot be suppressed. For example, it kicks in when (even if you’ve been fine up until that moment) you get close to a toilet and suddenly find you can’t make it all the way. Cause due to involuntary contraction of the bladder muscles. 3. Overflow incontinence happens when someone has difficulty passing urine, which causes the bladder to be permanently full. As the kidneys continue to produce urine, the excess spills out through the urethra – almost like a dam that’s overflowing. Cause due to blockage of the urethra. 4. Neurogenic incontinence is due to impaired functioning of the nervous system. 5. Total incontinence is the continuous leakage of all the urine. It’s most often caused by an abnormal communication between the bladder and the vagina (called vesicovaginal fistula).
USIC = Unité de soins intensifs cardiologiques
UTI = Urinary tract infection.
V __________________
Vacuité utérine = Cavité utérine vide, sans rétention placentaire.
VADS = Voies aéro-digestives supérieures
Vaginal discharge = 1. Trichomonas vaginalis, The symptoms include a copious, malodorous ("fishy"), greenish-gray, "frothy" discharge. The vulvar and vaginal epithelium may be erythematous and edematous. Colposcopy may reveal petechial cervical lesions ("strawberry cervix"). A wet mount of the discharge often reveals motile trichomonads and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The treatment is metronidazole. Simultaneous treatment of the sexual partner reduces the risk of reinfection. 2. Bacterial vaginosis, The symptoms include a moderate amount of malodorous ("fishy"), white to gray, homogeneous vaginal discharge. An amine ("fishy") odor is present after mixing vaginal secretions with KOH. This is often called a positive whiff test. Saline preparations of the discharge reveal the "clue cells". The treatment is metronidazole.Simultaneous treatment of the sexual partner has not been shown to reduce recurrence. 3 . Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. gonorrhoeae causes a mucopurulent cervical discharge in acute cervicitis and can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID is characterized by lower abdominal pain, fever, and cervical motion tenderness. Diagnosis is often made by Gram's stain of cervical secretions revealing gram-negative diplococci and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Treatment is ceftriaxone IM once and doxycycline or azithromycin. The 2 latter drugs are given since concomitant chlamydial infection is common. Sexual partners must be treated. 4 . Candidiasis, Vulvar pruritus, irritation, and a thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge are the predominant symptoms. Diagnosis is made by KOH, saline, or Gram's stain evaluation of the vaginal fluid revealing fungi , pseudohyphae or hyphae. Treatment is fluconazole PO or imidazole cream. Routine treatment of sexual partners is usually not indicated.
VAS = Voies aériennes supérieures
Vasa praevia = ( also spelled vasa previa ) is a condition in which babies' blood vessels cross or run near the internal opening of the uterus. These vessels are at risk of rupture when the supporting membranes rupture, as they are unsupported by the umbilical cord or placental tissue.
VBA = Voies biliaires accessoires
VBAC = Vaginal birth after cesarean : If you have had a cesarean delivery (also called a C-section) before, you may be able to deliver your next baby vaginally. This is called vaginal birth after cesarean, or VBAC. If you and your doctor agree to try a VBAC, you will have what is called a "trial of labor after cesarean," or TOLAC. This means that you plan to go into labor with the goal to deliver vaginally.
VBAC = Vaginal birth after cesarean section
VBP = Voies biliaires principales
VCI = Veine cave inférieure
VCS = Veine cave supérieure
VD = Ventricule droit
VG = Ventricule gauche
VHL = Von Hippel-Lindau
VO = Varices oesophagiennes
VS = Vitesse de sédimentation
VTE = venous thromboembolism
VV = Vibrations vocales
VVC = Voie veineuse centrale
VVP = Voie veineuse périphérique
vWF = von Willbrand’s factor
VZV = Varicelle zona virus
W __________________
Withdrawal bleeding = also called a “fake period” which mimics a normal menstrual period , is the bleeding you experience in the placebo pill week of a conventional course of birth control pills. It also occurs with other forms of hormonal birth control that affect a menstrual cycle, like contraceptive patches or vaginal rings. សរុបមក វាជារដូវដែលកើតឡើងដោយសារតែថ្នាំពន្យាកំណើត ។ The birth control pill contains active hormone pills ( Breakthrough bleeding ) and inactive hormone pills ( Withdrawal bleeding ) . Withdrawal bleeding and breakthrough bleeding is not the same thing.
X __________________
Y __________________
Z __________________
β- hCG = beta-human chorionic gonadotropin
ε = Enzyme
Σ = Synthèse
χ = Chromosome
